A patent was issued to Professor Martin Yarmush and colleagues entitled, “System and Method for Electrical Control of Bacteria” (US Patent number: 10660979). The invention describes a system and method for controlling microbial growth on and in medical devices and implants, especially biofilm infections, using pulsed electric fields. In a clinical setting, systemic microbial therapy can be combined with PEF to achieve a synergistic effect leading to improved control and even eradication of infections.